Hampton County - Whippy  Swamp Guards

                                               THE WHIPPY SWAMP GUARDS

 

INTRODUCTION:

To begin with you must understand what the words Whippy Swamp mean.  This is the name give to a section of land during 1860 that was on the western side of the Salkehatchee River in the back country of  Beaufort District or Prince Williams Parrish as it was so called. Today a person would point out that Whippy Swamp runs from Hampton County Hwy. 361  from the Crocketville and Miley area near to the area of EhrhardtS.C.

 During the impending war the men of the South were eagerly forming and organizing groups of militia troops. They were preparing for the upcoming conflict of states and were already in training.  Most of the men were dressed in their hunting clothes carrying the muskets they used in hunting and ones they used to protect their homes. Some men were better equipped than others.

 Family members of the area formed this troop called the Whippy Swamp Guards. The troops drilled at the old Pocataligo Depot, where most men of the area signed on with the civil war and was deployed from in this area of Prince Williams Parrish. The troop held its reviews for the Governor of the State at Old Slow Hill at Coosawhatchee.  They were well known in the upper part of Prince Williams Parrish.

 The troops were formed by the best landmark citizenship, descendants of Revolutionary ancestry. Some of the names on the old muster roles were: Gooding, Terry, Lightsey, Wyman, Davis,  Ellis, Frampton, Bowers, Rivers, Moles, Dowling, Harrison, Miley,  Simmons, Freeman, Barns, Stanley, Claland, Sullivan, Altman, Harvey, Roberts,  Langford, Clifton, Tuten, Priester, Manker, Joner, Thomas, Cook,  Owens, Matthews, Moore, Snyder, Kearse, Belger, Sauls, Branch, and  others.

  At the time of war in January 1861, the whole South was flying to arms.  The rising and leading young men of the area rushed to the front and demonstrated loyalty to the Confederate State by heroic and distinguished services.

  Not to be forgotten, the exploits and resumes of their service in the great cause of the Confederacy, is respectively ordered to the Beaufort County Historical Society.

  The following pages come partly from an article written about the Whippy Swamp Guards, that was printed in the Hampton County Guardian in 1909. An article appeared in the Beaufort Gazette some five years ago repeating the heroic and braveness of the troop called the Whippy Swamp Guards.

  

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 In writing about the Whippy Swamp Guards, in the Hampton County Guardian in 1909, the Rev. Hamilton Dowling had the following to say about the Guards...

  In the upper part of the Prince Williams Parrish, the company was known as the "Whippy Swamp Guards" around which cluster pleasant, sacred, melancholy and proud memories of that now long ago.

  This company was the embodiment of the finest of the youth of this time honored section. Hales of childhood memories still linger with bright constellations around the reminiscences of the muster days at Whippy Swamp crossroads, now known as Crocketville, where the fife and drum, tingling our childhood nerves with national airs, rang through the large surging crowd of our noble fathers and the clarion voices of the orderly sergeants formed into line, the old Whippy Swamp Co. It, afterward, helped to make Confederate history lustrous and its story is a bright star in the history of our times............

 Of the Captains of this proud Company, my first remembrance is of Captain Billy Williams, afterward Senator of the Parish, whose home was at Broxton's Bridge. Then followed Frank Davis of Willow Swamp Section and after him came John Frampton who afterwards was the delegate to the convention of DE. 1860 which passed the Ordinance of Secession ushering in the great Confederate War. Then followed B. H. Ellis, afterwards Major, Colonel and Brigadier General of the militia: Colonel  of the 11th SC Regiment and during the war period  after the battle of Pocotaligo was State Senator.

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 Then succeeding him was John A. Lightsey. The last of the Captains before the Confederate War was P. E. Terry, who was afterwards a Lieutenant in Kirk's Calvary Squadron and who was wounded in the Pocotaligo Fight. He survived the war and died an honored deacon at the Sandy Run Baptist Church.

 The muster days at Whippy Swamp Crossroads were not the only remembered occasions of those antebellum days. The political meetings, Fourth of July celebrations, readings of the Declaration of Independence, tournaments, and great religious meetings of G. W. M. Williams, whose pulpits powers swayed the multitudes and who was  afterwards Colonel of the 47th Georgia Regiment of which his son, Ben S.  Williams was the brave and gallant Adjutant and the other meetings by the  sainted J. M. Hoover at Sandy Run and W. F. Hogarth at Prince  Williams and the eloquent J. T. Sweate at Sand Hill are all among the sacred  relics and pleasant memories of the now long ago.

 In 1861 the great war had begun and the Whippy Swamp Militia was a resource for the organization of several state service companies.

  The first, commanded by the Capt. J. J. Harrison, retained the name "Whippy Swamp Guards" but at the reorganization for Confederate Service and the formation of the 11th SC Regiment, Harrison was elected Major of the regiment and J. J. Gooding, Captain of the Guards. Harrison was killed by an ambush of Yankees at  Coosawhatchee while leading his regiment into the Battle of Pocotaligo and J. J.  Gooding succeeded him as Major. The company was then commanded by the Capt. W. J. Gooding.

                                                 

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 Captain Gooding was an ideal young man of his community and had been a member of the State Legislature and was extremely popular. Later in the War he resigned his Captaincy when transferred to another regiment, but was quickly elected a lieutenant in the "Whippy Swamp Guards" and was wounded in the Battle of Swift Creek near Petersburg, May 9, 1864 in Hagood's daring and famous charge. After the War the governor made him tax collector in kind and the rank of Major was confirmed upon him.

  The old Whippy Swamp Guards contributed brave and noble soldiers to the Beaufort District Troop of the Hampton Legion. The Elliott Company commanded by B. F. Wyman, Kirk's Squadron and especially Capt. A. B. Mulligan, Company of Butler's Brigade had many troops supplied to them from the old Whippy Swamp Guards. During the years of 1861, 62, and 63, the Whippy Swamp Guards was an element of various commands which were stationed on lines of defense along the Carolina Coast, and there was a wall of fire keeping back the enemy under cover of their long lines of warships. The Evans Guard of the 24th Regiment was in the western army and made itself illustrious at Chicamauga, Lookout Mountain, and many other mountain engagements. Among the slain of this noble company were Lt. Medicus Bowers and Captain Abram Bowers of whom General Capers said, braver officers never breasted the storm of battle.

 The Beaufort District Troop during the said period shared in all of the heroic deeds of Hampton's Famous Legion. At Brandy Station, Va. Adjutant General J. W. Moore, and Lt. A. M. Ruth - two old Whippy Swamp boys were severely wounded while serving with the Beaufort District Troops.

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 In 1864, the Beaufort District Troop was returned to S. C. and while on Johns Island, James Clifton one of the Beaufort  District Troop and one of the old Crocketville's nobles young men was killed in  battle with a Negro Brigade. He and his lifelong friend, Nelson Terry were covenanted together that if one was killed the other would return his body to his family. True to his vow, young Terry brought young Clifton's body back home to be buried in the Family Cemetery in Crocketville.

  The Whippy Swamp Guards had been transferred to Virginia as a part of the 11th SC Regiment and they fought at Ocean Pond, Secessionville, Swift Creek, Drury's Bluff, Bermuda Hundreds, Cold Harbor and continuously for 11 months during the long siege around Petersburg.  On the last great battle at Bentonville, NC at the railroad is when Hagood led a forlorn charge and was overwhelmed, but refused to surrender.  He escaped by shooting a Yankee officer off of his horse and riding the captured animal to safety. Among the captured was a citizen and minister of Hampton County.

  Lt. Thomas Hamilton was in command of the regimental pickets and was killed while inspecting posts shortly before the battle. The Nick Langford Party of the Old Whippy Swamp Guard militia first enlisted with St. Peters Guard under the gallant H. P. Smart. They trained at Silver Hill near Varnville and on the 7th of Nov. 1861 marched to the coast and served under Col. C. J. Colcock.  W. T. Speaks was a lieutenant in said company and was killed in the Battle of Pocotaligo.

 

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 In Feb. 1862, this party mustered into Confederate service under A. B. Mulligan as Capt. Nick Langford and Lieutenants A. J.  Harrison, W.M. Miley, D. C. Simmons, A. R. Richardson, W. H. Dowling and E. L. Dowling.  The total number of Whippy Swamp Guards were about 25. Capt. Mulligan himself was a native of Crocketville and his ancestral cemetery is near Mulligans causeway. Capt. Mulligan was seriously wounded in the Battle of Burgess Hill and acted wisely and bravely in every battle.

 One of the engagements in which the Whippy Swamp Guards  participated was on the night of the 7th of June 1864, Sheridan the great Yankee cavalier, with 20,000 men planned to slip out from the rear of Grant's army marching to Trevilian Station, move about 90 miles, tear up our railroad and burn up supplies. At daylight on the 11th, Wade Hampton, with 10,000 men had him headed off and with great surprise struck him severely and stopped his wild career. The battle which was dismounted raged for three hours but as Fitz Hugh Lee's Division was 4 miles behind, Custer came in between and flanked the guard but  Rosser of Virginia, charged with stampede power and held him at bay. Thus the battle raged on for 11 hours. That night Hampton got possession of the torn up railroad track, while Sheridan stood at bay until 2 o'clock the next day,

 Sunday June 12th. Sheridan's company bugles blew the retreat. As a sample of the battle, Sgt. A. R. Richardson and Mulligan standing side by side fired forty rounds at a time without letting the guns cool. After the battle they found that 1600 of the horses had been killed leaving them on foot and it was necessary to form companies of 100 men dismounted.

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 Sergeants acting like Captains were put in command with Lieutenants as Majors. Sgt. A. R. Richardson and Mulligan had two of these companies and Lt. Robert Aldrich was in command. In a short time, Richardson's company got remounted, but Mulligan's was sent to the Blanchard Breast Works.

  On the 30th day of July on the same day of the great crater blow-up at Petersburg, the Yankee General Gregg started to surround the Guards with 20,000 men and reach Weldon, NC and cut off supplies from Lee, but the dismounted company and 6 other companies met them at Lee's Mill and fighting like the Spartan Band at Thermopylae, they held them off till Butler arived and saved the day. Jeff Warren of Brunson was by Mulligan's side and fought with him at the time of the greatest crisis.

  The next great cavalry fight in which the Regiment  and The Whippy Swamp Guards distinguished themselves and lost severely was at  Burgess Hill (Boyden Plank Road) Oct. 27, 1864. General Grant sent 30,000 infantry at daylight to attack Hampton and overwhelm him, and strike Lee in the rear, but Hampton held his ground till night, got reinforcements from Lee and the enemy retreated, leaving their ground strewn with the dead bodies.  Our regiment lost severely. General Hampton's own son and C. R. T. Jeffords were numbered among the slain. Capt. A.  B. Mulligan was severely wounded and besides him, of the Whippy Swamp Guards, there were many other wounded and two killed, J. R. Peeples and J. C. Tuten, both of them from the Sand Hill neighborhood of Hampton. Zimmerman Davis was made Colonel of the 5th Regiment to which had been under command of R. T. Jeffords.

 

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  Sherman was in Savannah, GA. prowling with his  113,000 men to march through S. C. and N. C., burn, destroy, and  devastate everything in his way; join Schoolfield who had 40,000 men at Newburn, NC and the move and attack Lee's rear. General Hardee and Joseph E. Johnson only had about 25,000 men. Hampton was made Lt. Gen. and was transferred from Richmond to meet Sherman and Kilpatrick at Columbia, SC, and if he had been in full command of all the forces, it may have been possible that he would have driven Sherman back to the sea.

  On the night of the 12th of Feb. Sgt. S. C. Richardson, A. J. Tuten, and Dowling were sent out as scouts at Conqueror's Creek and were fired upon at 4 o'clock in the morning. At 9:30 am we engaged the enemy's advance guard and this was their first blow at Sherman. On the 16th he entered Columbia and our regiment was one of the last that left the city.

 On the 17th, Dowling heard their magazines explode and saw Columbia burn. Next day, Sherman marched on towards Winnsboro. Our regiment harassed him right, front, left, and rear, fighting, marching day and night.  

 On the 19th E. L. Dowling was out scouting and being cut off, we got back to the regiment on the 21st. Col. Davis met us and  put me in command of the rear guard of 50 men. The enemy were still around us.  Houses were burning on all sides and the brigade had forced about face which threw me in front. Col. Hugh Aiken and Gen. U. R. Brooks  dashed up and said, "Sgt. order your gentlemen to draw sabers and charge.", and because I gave the order as so, the two laughed and later years  would recall with a great deal of amusement of my order. Reflecting upon the same and remembering how tattered and ragged my men were, it is easy to see why the appellation of Gentlemen sounded so ludicrous under the circumstances.  Nevertheless, we led the charge and cleared the lane and were able to re-establish our position securely.

  On the night of the 20th Col. Aiken with 83 men from the Whippy Swamp Guards was in the Darlington District and met a similar squad of Yankees, which hearing us, formed a "V" into which we rode into in the dark. A terrible fight followed. Col. Aiken and Sgt. A. R. Richardson of my company were instantly killed and Middleton, Simmons and Lt.  Brooks were wounded. Col. Zimmerman Davis' horse was shot from under him but we dismantled and the enemy flew. Myself and E. L. Dowling and Sgt. Ackerman brought Richardson and Aiken's bodies and laid them in Elon Baptist Church at midnight and wrote their names on their breasts.

 

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 Next day a Mr. Huggins buried them and after the surrender, Aiken was removed and interred at Winnsboro and Richardson was bought home by his brother E. B. Richardson and now sleeps in the old family lot at Beech Branch Church of Savannah River Baptist  Association (located on the Hampton/Allendale County Line).

  After the batle through S.C. Sherman turned his march toward Newburn, NC and this caused the scouting, videtting, and fighting  to greatly increase both day and night. On the night of March 7, 1865, Sgt. S. C. Richardson and Dowling were out on a scout when 6  men in breathy silence rushed upon us with drawn pistols but ascertaining that  we were all on the same side, we reconciled together and  moved quickly as numerous Yankees were still around us. The next night, S. G. Richardson was captured with 20 other pickets but on the  night of March 10th, Hampton charged Kilpatrick's camp and he and 120 other  prisoners ran out and got back to their own confederate lines.

  Then came the Battle of Fayetteville in NC.  The Yankees had captured our pickets and a force of 300 were riding into the city.  Hampton, with 18 men (his bodyguards) who were at the hotel charged and drove them out.  Hampton killing two and one horse with his own saber. Then quickly our fight regiment, 8 abreast filled the street and saved the day, but suffered some losses by Yankee bullets. Then on the 19th day of March began the great battle of Bentonville, the last great general engagement of the War. Sherman with 73,000 men and Joseph E. Johnston with perhaps 17,500 total infantry, 13,500 Calvary, 4,000 including Wheeler's.  The Yankee soldiers shot at me at daylight when I was on picket and the bullet came near killing Lt. F. F. Buchner. My return fire was the first gun fired on our side. The fighting continued for three days  and nights and our side never gave ground under the great and wise  leadership of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston.  Our old 5th Regiment helped to save the  day at the most crucial hour of the 21st. Comrade Causey was killed next to me on my left side while Lt. Buchener on my right, handed me shells and caps  enabling me to shoot seven times a minute, until the four columns of Yankees compelled us to give way. R. G. Roof, on skirmish lines in the battle, made me think of a fox hunter with dashing bravery and Oscar Reed looked like a General  but poor fellow was suddenly killed and fell from his horse which run out with  an empty saddle.

 

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 The next day we fought at Smith's Field. I warned B. R. Lewis, who was acting too bravely and saved him from sharpshooters. Next  day we felt the enemy down the Neuse River and on the 25th  Hampton with Hart's battery, protected by our Fifth Regiment struck Schoolfields advance guards, who were moving up to join Sherman's men in front of  Goldsboro, NC, but just then an ambush of Negro Troops fired into us killing Lt. Richards of Co. K. After this fighting, both sides ceased and there was practically an armistice till April 5th when the cavalry, by the consent  of Hampton and Butler, did not surrender but slipped out at night and in one day we reached old Beaufort District amid scenes of vandalistic devastations. But as the cavalry had no paroles, the Negro troops compelled us to get them. I and Dowling, Nix, J.A. Long, Tom Trowell, and Bill Ayers all had to walk to Savannah across Sisters's Ferry to get them.

 My Uncle E. L. Dowling was on picket at Hillsboro, NC the day of the surrender April 26, 1865, and he is the only member of Co. B who surrendered, got a parole, and distributive share of the quota of the  confederate supplies.

  

***These were diary record that reflected the life of a member of the Whippy Swamp Guards.

  The muster role of the Whippy Swamp Guards has never been found in writing, Hamilton Dowling in later years recalled the following members of the old troop: S. G. Richardson, A. R.  Richardson, E. B. Richardson, E.L. Dowling, C. H. Freeman, John Harriott, H. P.  Moore, W. H. Dowling, A. J. Harrison, Irving Roberts, Van Simmons, Buwell  Simmons, Wiley J. Thomas, Nick Langford, Frank J.  Mulligan, Dempsey Stanley, George  Stanley, Isam Tuten, J. C. Tuten, J. W. Tuten,Jr. , R.  Peeples, R. G. Roof, J. J. Youmans, Adrean Stone, Walsh Youmans, A. J. Tuten,  Jerome Sharp.

 There are many more names out there that should be recognized, but without a list, we cannot recognize their honor and their bravery for our dear Hampton County.

 

 As to date there has been no occasion for any writer of American history to record the exploits of the Whippy Swamp Guards,  for they, like others of the community troops, who went to make up the whole of the Confederate Army, found themselves assigned from time to time to the everyday soldiering and drudgery that is known to all soldiers. However, so that these exploits not to be completely lost, the resume of their service in the Whippy Swamp Guards, and the cause of the Confederacy, is respectfully ordered to the Beaufort County Historical Society.

  Words of most of the story by the late: Rev.  Hamilton Dowling in his writings of 1909 to the Hampton County Guardian. A small sample was written by his grandson G. C. Dowling.

  

Compiled by: Yvonne Carrol DeLoach

 Note: Dempsey Stanley is one of my ancestors of  the Cook Family

Copyright ©2005 Yvonne Deloach, all rights reserved.

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